Occlusal trauma signs4/11/2024 4, 5, 6 Radiography remains the primary mode of investigation for evaluating jaw lesions in routine dental practice. In contrast, malignant or locally aggressive lesions can quickly grow downwards into the ligament space, resulting in an irregular widening and destruction of the lamina dura. For instance, orthodontic movement of teeth results in PDL widening, but the lamina dura remains intact. 5 It is important to detect whether the widening is regular or irregular in shape and if the lamina dura is still present. 1, 4 Widening of the PDL is one of the most important changes in the circumdental structures and may be related to different abnormalities. The normal width of the PDL ranges from 0.15 mm to 0.21 mm, which may decrease with age. 2, 4 Radiographically, the PDL is seen as a radiolucent space between the lamina dura and the tooth root. For example, it is thinner in the middle of the root and slightly wider near the root apex and alveolar crest, suggesting that the fulcrum of tooth physiologic movement is located in the thinnest area of the PDL. 1, 2, 3 The morphology of the PDL varies in terms of tooth anatomy and even tooth surface. In addition, sensors in the PDL provide proprioceptive input and detect pressure applied to the teeth. Fibroblasts are the main cells in the PDL, which form, maintain, and repair the alveolar bone and cementum. It consists of collagen bands (mostly type I collagen) connecting the cementum of teeth to the gingivae and alveolar bone. The periodontal ligament, commonly known as the PDL, is a soft connective tissue between the inner wall of the alveolar socket and the roots of the teeth.
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